Hemoglobin A1C (A1C)
Average blood sugar over 2-3 months
What This Test Measures
A1C measures your average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. It shows how much sugar is attached to your red blood cells.
Normal Reference Ranges
| Gender | Age Range | Normal Range | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| All | All ages | 4.0000 - 5.6000 | % |
Understanding Your Results
Borderline
What it means: Your A1C indicates prediabetes. You have higher than normal blood sugar, but not yet in the diabetic range.
Common causes: Insulin resistance, excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes.
Next steps: Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, weight loss), and may discuss medications like metformin in some cases.
High
What it means: Your A1C is in the diabetic range (6.5% or higher), indicating diabetes.
Common causes: Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, genetics, or uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.
Next steps: Your doctor will discuss diabetes management including medications, blood sugar monitoring, dietary changes, and exercise. May refer to an endocrinologist.
Normal
What it means: Your A1C is in the normal range, indicating good blood sugar control.
Common causes: Healthy blood sugar regulation and balanced diet.
Next steps: Continue healthy eating habits and regular physical activity.
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Lab test results should always be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider in the context of your complete medical history and current health status. Reference ranges may vary between laboratories. Always consult your doctor about your specific results.